Fruit of the Spirit: An Adventure in Ancient Manuscripts biblical interpretation curiosity new testament text criticism Jan 14, 2024

How Many Fruit Are there?

Are there twelve fruit of the Spirit or only nine? Most contemporary translations of Galatians 5: 22-23 list nine fruit of the Spirit: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (NIV, for example). 

However, some older manuscripts of the Bible list more than nine...

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The Thanksgiving Hymns biblical interpretation hodayot psalms thanksgiving hymns Nov 22, 2022

This week many in the United States pause, gather together, and give thanks. Giving thanks is a practice preserved in cultural memory and recorded in written texts. In Jewish literature, the Psalms are a testament to this tradition of giving thanks. For over two thousand years, psalms of thanksgiving have been read in services and in homes.

But...

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